People often lack respect for the power in compressed air because air is so common and is often viewed as harmless. However, at sufficient pressures, compressed air can cause serious damage if handled incorrectly.
Compressed air refers to air that has been pressurized and stored in a container or tank. The process of compressing air involves using a compressor to increase the pressure of the air, which reduces its volume. This pressurized air can then be used for a variety of jobs in an industrial environment, ranging from manufacturing to construction. While it can be used to operate many machines, from small to large, there are some critical health and safety factors to be aware of.
The Risks of Compressed Air
One of the primary concerns with compressed air is the immense force it can exert. At high pressures, a simple compressed air leak can become a deadly projectile, capable of causing severe injuries or even fatalities. The sheer kinetic energy of an escaping air stream can easily penetrate the skin, potentially leading to embolisms, tissue damage, and other life-threatening complications.
Beyond the risk of direct impact, compressed air also poses a threat of explosive decompression. When air is rapidly released from a pressurised system, the sudden change in pressure can cause catastrophic failure of equipment, leading to further injury and property damage. This hazard is particularly acute in confined spaces, where the rapid pressure drop can have devastating consequences.
The dangers of compressed air also extend beyond physical trauma. Improper use or handling of compressed air can lead to the dispersion of harmful contaminants, such as oil, water, or even toxic substances. When these airborne particles are inhaled, they can cause a range of respiratory issues, from irritation to serious respiratory diseases.
Perhaps most alarmingly, the misuse of compressed air for activities like cleaning or horseplay can have dire consequences. Using compressed air to clean clothing or remove debris from the body can force air into the bloodstream, leading to potentially fatal air embolisms. Similarly, using compressed air as a means of “fun” can easily spiral out of control, resulting in severe injuries or even death.
Mitigating the Risks
To mitigate these risks, it is essential that workers receive comprehensive training on the proper handling and use of compressed air equipment. This includes the following;
Regular equipment inspections:
Before using an air compressor, it’s crucial to thoroughly inspect it for any oil or air leaks. Even small leaks can be extremely dangerous, as they can cause hoses or other components to blow due to sudden pressure changes. If any leaks are detected, do not use the air compressor until the issue has been resolved.
Use of personal protective equipment (PPE):
Dressing in the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary whenever you use an air compressor. Wearing impact-resistant eyewear and gloves can help to protect your eyes and hands from any flying pieces of dust, dirt or sharp metal particles, and you should also wear hearing protectors and, if possible, a face mask.
Using a Self-Retracting Cord:
It is recommended to use an air compressor that features a self-retracting cord. If not, the long cords that lie on the floor create a serious trip hazard. If a worker (or visitor) accidentally trips on the cord, there is the potential for a very serious injury. With a self-retracting cord, excess cord can be tidied away to keep the floor clear and trip-free.
Take It Outside:
Unless the air compressor is electrically powered, it should only be used outdoors. Diesel-powered models emit toxic fumes and should never be operated in enclosed spaces. If an indoor model is used, it must be kept away from moist or wet environments.
Check The Hose:
Inspect air hoses regularly to ensure they are not bent, kinked, or improperly connected. Pressurised hoses should never be crimped or uncoupled, and all connections must be secured to prevent whipping if a break occurs. Always bleed off pressure before disconnecting any hoses.
Cleaning and Maintenance:
Regular professional cleaning and maintenance of the air compressor is essential to prevent combustion risks and ensure the overall safety of the workspace. Shut off the machine when performing any installations, removals, or adjustments on connected tools, or when a tool malfunctions or is not in use.
Understanding the dangers of compressed air operations and taking proactive steps to address them, can create safer and more efficient workplaces that protect the health and safety of everyone involved.